Div 388/French William Franke
Fall 2007 Office: 203 Furman
W 3:10-5:00 Hours: W 5-6; T 4-5, and by appt.
Tel: 2-6902; 3-6659
Post-Modern Theory: In the Wake of the Death of God
This course will serve as a general introduction to recent theory tailored to students of religion.
If modernism is understood to be the age of the subject, the age that begins when self-consciousness says, “I think, therefore I am” (Descartes, 1638), making itself the foundation of its very existence, postmodernity begins when this postulate of the autonomous, self-grounding subject enters into crisis and collapses. Without the individual subject as secure foundation, the presumably stable values of modern tradition since the Renaissance are undermined in all domains from market economies based on the free choices of independent individuals to aesthetic styles of subjective self-expression familiar, for example, in Romantic and Expressionist art. The new sense of a lack of foundations, of no tangible or knowable reality underlying and grounding the flux of appearances in experience, opens thought and praxis in the diverse directions that have become recognizable as characteristically “postmodern.” Simulacra, inauthenticity, lack of origins or originals, hence proliferating pluralities which nevertheless evince no real distinctions from one another in a consumer society of mass production are some of the typical manifestations of this postmodern milieu. We will undertake to survey important theoretical statements concerning these developments by authors such as Derrida, Baudrillard, and Mark C. Taylor. We will also inquire into the limits and alternatives to postmodernism that may be present on the scene today. Religious sources and manifestations will be particularly emphasized in order to help us comprehend postmodernism as the era of the Death of God.
A couple of films, particularly The Matrix, Part I (1999, dir. Andy and Larry Wachowsky), The Truman Show (1998, dir. Peter Weir), and perhaps Angels in America (2003, dir. Tony Kushner), emphasizing especially the role of religion in postmodernity, will be discussed.
The main text, from which most of the assignments will be drawn, is:
From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Anthology, ed. Lawrence Cahoone (Blackwell 2003)
This text will be supplemented with readings from The Postmodern God: A Theological Reader, ed. Graham Ward (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), abbreviated: PMG.
Also recommended:
Kevin Hart, Postmodernism: A Guide for Beginners (Oneworld Publishers, 2004)
Thomas J. J. Altizer, Godhead and the Nothing (State University of New York Press, 2003)
John Milbank, Theology and Social Theory: Beyond Secular Reason, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006)
Radical Orthodoxy: A New Theology. Eds. John Milbank, Graham Ward, and Catherine Pickstock. (London ; New York : Routledge, 1998). ISBN 041419699X (pbk)
Secular Theology: American Radical Theological Thought, ed. Clayton Crockett (New York: Routledge, 2001)
Schedule of Readings:
1. Introduction: Postmodernism and its Others
Theoretical Paradigms
2. Definitions of the Postmodern: From the Power of “Now” to the Potencies of “Post”
Lyotard, From The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge 259-77
Ihab Hassan, “POSTmodernISM: A Practical Bibliography” 410-20
Charles Jencks, From “What is Post-Modernism?” 458-63
John Milbank, “Postmodern Critical Augustinianism,” PMG 265
3. The Subversion of the Sign
Ferdinand de Saussure, From Course in General Linguistics, 122-26
Jacques Derrida, “Différance” 225-40
[+ “How to Avoid Speaking” PMG 167]
Wittgenstein, From Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 143
Michel de Certeau, “How is Christianity Thinkable Today?” PMG 142
4. Death of God and Demise of Values and Civilization
Friedrich Nietzsche, “The Madman,” “How the World Became a Fable,”
“The Dionysian World” 116-17
Michel Foucault, “Nietzsche, Genealogy, History” and From “Truth and
Power” 241-53
Mark C. Taylor, From Erring: A Postmodern Atheology 435-46
Sigmund Freud, From Civilization and its Discontents 144-49
Jacques Lacan, “The Death of God,” PMG 32
5. Simulations and Alterities
Baudrillard, From Symbolic Exchange and Death 421-34
Jacques Lacan, “The Mirror Stage as Formative of the Function of the I as
Revealed in Psychoanalytic Experience” 195-99
René Girard, “The God of Victims” PMG 105
Social/Political/Cultural Applications
6. Postmodern Feminisms
Luce Irigaray, “The Sex Which is Not One” 254-58
Sandra Harding, “From Feminist Empiricism to Feminist Standpoint
Epistemologies” 342-53
Susan Bordo, “The Cartesian Masculinization of Thought and
Sevententh-Century Flight from the Feminine” 354-69
Irigaray, “Equal to Whom?” PMG 198
Rebecca S. Chopp, “From Patriarchy into Freedom: A Conversation
between American Feminist Theology and French Feminism,” PMG 235
7. Constructions of Identity
Iris Marion Young, From “The Scaling of Bodies and the Politics of
Identity” 370-82
Cornel West, “A Genealogy of Modern Racism” 298-301
Judith Butler, “Contingent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of
‘Postmodernism’” 390-401
Michel Foucault, from The History of Sexuality, PMG 123
8. Postmodern Economy and Society
Karl Marx and Frederich Engels, “Bourgeois and Proletarians” 75-82
Daniel Bell, From The Coming of Post-Industrial Society 209-18
Fredric Jameson, “The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism” 564-74
[Adam Smith, From The Theory of Moral Sentiments 38-44]
Georges Bataille, From Theory of Religion, PMG 15
9. Postmodern Architecture and Art
Le Corbusier, From Towards a New Architecture 132-38
Charles Jencks, From “The Death of Modern Architecture” 457-58
Robert Venturi, From Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture 403-9
Hal Foster, “Subversive Signs” 310-18
10. Postmodern Science: Irrealities and Hyper-realities
Max Weber, “Science as a Vocation” 127-31
Thomas Kuhn, From “The Nature and Necessity of Scientific Revolution”
200-08
David Ray Griffin, From “The Reenchantment of Science” 482-95
Donna Haraway, From “A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology,
and Socialist Feminsim in the 1980s” 464-81
[Niklas Luhmann, “The Cognitive Program of Constructivism and a
Reality that Remains Unknown” 496-511]
[Richard Rorty, “Solidarity or Objectivity?” 447-56]
Genealogies of Postmodernism
11. The Attack on Humanism and Some Alternatives
Jean Paul Sartre, From “Existentialism” 169-73
Alasdair McIntyre, “The Virtues, the Unity of a Human Life, and the
Concept of a Tradition” 550-63
Habermas, “An Alternative Way Out of the Philosophy of the Subject:
Communicative versus Subject-Centered Reason” 592-600
12. Crisis of Secular Enlightenment Rationalism and Secular Theology
Edmund Husserl, from The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental
Phenomenology 149-58
Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, from Dialectic of Enlightenment 159-68
Clayton Crockett, Secular Theology
Thomas J. J. Altizer, Godhead and the Nothing
Milbank, Theology and Social Theory: Beyond Secular Reason, chapter 10: Ontological Violence or the Postmodern Problematic” pp. 278-327
+ chapter 6: “For and Against Hegel”
Radical Orthodoxy. Eds. John Milbank, Graham Ward, and Catherine Pickstock
pp. 1-37
14. Literary and Liturgical Epistemologies
Roland Barthes, “Wrestling with the Angel,” PMG 84
Jean-Ives Lacoste, “Liturgy and Kenosis,” PMG 249
Catherine Pickstock, “Asyndeton: Syntax and Insanity,” PMG 297
Julia Kristeva, from In the Beginning Was Love PMG 223
15. Postmodern Theology as Critique of Philosophy
Emmanuel Levinas, “God and Philosophy” PMG 52
Jean-Luc Marion, “Metaphysics and Phenomenology: A Summary for
Theologians,” PMG 279
Graham Ward, Introduction to PMG (p. xlii)
Wittgenstein, “Lecture on Ethics” 139-42
For graduate students in French:
French theory has in many respects been the driving force of postmodern thought. This course features selections by Lyotard, Derrida, Baudrillard, Irrigaray, Kristeva, Sartre, Deleuze, Le Corbusier, Saussure, Lacan, Levinas, Marion, and others, together with the broader postmodern movement in which they have played a catalyzing role. It is proposed for graduate students in French with the specifications that they should read these authors in French and that their research paper focus on some author(s) or aspect(s) of French literary and/or cultural theory. Graduate students in French are encouraged to write their essays in French.
Irrigaray, “Égales á Qui” Critique 480 (1987): 420-437
“ “Femmes Divines” Critique 454 (1985): 295-308 (supplementary)
“ Ce sexe qu nén est pas un, pp. 23-32
Derrida, “Comment ne pas parler: Dénégations”Psyche, pp. 535-594
“ “La Différance,” Marges de la philosophie, pp. 41-66
Foucault Histoire de la sexualité vol. 1, pp. 76-98
“Nietzsche, la généalogie, l’histoire,” Dits et écrits 1971
Levinas, “Dieu et la Philosophie,” De Dieu qui vient à l’idée, pp. 93-127
Lacan, “La mort de Dieu,” L’Éthique de la psychanalyse, pp. 197-208
Bataille, “Le sacrifice, la fete et les principes du monde sacré,”Oeuvres complètes, vol. VII, pp. 307-318
De Certeau, La Faibless de croire, pp. 208-226
Girard, “Le Dieu des victimes,”La route antique des homes pervers, pp. 225-246
Barthes, “La lutte avec lánge”Oeuvres competes, vol. IV pp. 157-169
Kristeva, Au commencement etait l’amour
Marion, Jean-Luc. “Métaphysique et phénoménologie: une relève pour la théologie,” Bulletin de literature ecclésiastique XCIV/3 (1993): 189-206.
Saussure, Cours de linguistique générale
Le Corbusier, Vers une architecture
Baudrillard, L’exchange symbolique et la mort
Lacan, “Le stade du miroir” http://perso.wanadoo.fr/espace.freud/topos/psycha/psysem/miroir.htm
Lyotard, La condition postmodern, pp. 7-9, 54-68, 98-108
RLST 140 William Franke
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: This course serves as a general introduction to outstanding "great books" of the Western world. They constitute founding texts of the "humanities." This intellectual tradition will be traced from its origins in both Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian (Bible) literature. These two cultures will then be viewed in their synthesis in the medieval period.
EVALUATION AND REQUIREMENTS: About every other week there will be a brief quiz consisting in short answer questions to check on basic familiarity with the reading. The average of the quiz grades will count as the equivalent of a paper in calculating final grades.
RECOMMENDED METHOD OF STUDY: The interpretation of assigned texts may begin by the student's formulating and analyzing main ideas in a notebook at the conclusion of each reading assignment. Another entry likewise composed of 1) summary statements and 2) evaluative remarks--on facing pages--may be made punctually after lectures and discussions of each class. These notes can be reviewed and discussed with instructor for the purpose of focusing essay topics based on the student's own emergent interests.
OBJECTIVES TO KEEP IN MIND: Remember that in reading/writing you are competing only against yourself. The goal is to discover personal significance in the universal human experiences conveyed by great books and to develop your own discourse for articulating your experience of these texts and of life and human concerns generally.